Temperate climate plant fossils are found in Antartica because maybe Antartica was once a sea. The sea will be very likely to have plant fossils, such as corals or seaweed. Overtime, the cold weather must have arrived and killed most of the underwater creatures that didn't adapt fast enough to the climate. Therefore, the plant fossils are formed and preserve in the ice. Some plant fossils may have formed before the cold weather arrived, but also preserved. That may be one reason that temperate plant fossils are found in Antartica.
Another reason may be that Antartica was once land, neither desert or common climate. During that time, it must have been a home to all the plants that lived there. Again, some may lived until the cold weather reaches the place and the ones that lived until the cold weather didn't survive and both was preserved. Therefore, there may have been much life in Antartica then than now; Antartica may have been with all the other continents and formed Pangaea.
In my science class we use quizlet to put in our vocabulary words. Then we study from there. In my opinion, I think that quizlet isn't very helpful because I use to study on paper and I get that better. However studying on the internet isn't my thing, so I tend to like studying on paper. When I study on paper I memorize the words and their definition. Then I will look away from the paper and say the words, if I get the order or definition wrong I will go over the list again. That is how I use to study and I still do it now.
Charles Darwin's theory was of natural selection and evolution. One of the idea was from Thomas M., his theory was that disease and overproduction can cause problems. With overproduction the people may starve from not having enough food. With disease more people die, and that will also affect the population. That helped Charles of competitions. The information above as Charles discover occur to animals as well. Another example was from Lyell, he wrote a book of how old the Earth was and that helps Charles realize that evolution takes a long time.
This evidence here was from Charles own experiment, the experiment was made with the finches that were living in the Golopos Islands near South America. Each of kind the finches in each of the islands have different beaks. The ones that ate bugs anf insects have small round beaks. While the ones that lived in the dry lands have tough beaks to eat cactus parts. There are also many more kinds that I didn't state here for there are too many. As you can see, the three main things that supported the ideas of Charles Darwin were Thomas M. theory, Lyell's book, and Darwin's own experiments.
The Grand Canyon lies deeply on top of northern Arizona. The superposition of the Grand Canyon is that it was once underwater, and layers and layers of rocks form overtime. The youngest layers are the ones on top, and the oldest are the one on the bottom. Scientist prove this by the evidence found in the layers of rocks. An underwater bacteria, trilobite had been found in the rocks, and that proved the Grand Canyon is millions and millions of years old. Each layer of rock has its own age. Overtime the water that was once over the canyon lowered from the sea level affected by plate tectonics, erosions, and the weather.
Scientist had identify these evidence that the Grand Canyon was once below sea level and the layers of rocks form from the sediment that was left behind when the sea water decreased. There are about two different kinds of rocks. One formed by mountains and the other by volcanoes. The volcanoes causes more dark colored rocks than the mountains does.
Peppered moths are a kind of moth in England. I guess you know why they are called peppered moths. It 's because their wings looks like they are peppered. These moth have been changing colors from spotted black to black. The moths are the same species, but they change because of the pollution. During a time, England had factories that burned on coals and produce ashes. With that it cause the moth to change from spotted black to black. This change will affect the way the moth lives in its environment.
Natural selection affected the moths, for some parts of England are quite polluted it affected the environment and causes the surroundings to turn their color a bit more dark. Since pollution causes the forest that the moths live to become darker it might have a change to the moth's genetic code and causes the moth to turn black and became well or better adapt to the climate. That is natural selection, when an animal change to become better adapted to the environment so they can survive.
Competition causes evolution for the need of habitat or the same environment. Every animal needs a habitat that relates to it in some way for it to be able to survive. When the population is increasing the animals will fight over territory. The won that gets the most lands are more likely to survive and the animals with less land or no land wouldn't survive as well. With that some of these animals may evolve or if they evolve too slowly they will become extinct. If they evolve fast enough the organism may have a change to their genetic code and become another kind of species or just different physical looks to help the organism survive in there environment. Overtime the species may become unable to reproduce with the same kind or family like them. Such as the organism with the better lands that haven't evolve couldn't reproduce successfully with the ones that evolve.
As you can see, competitions are some of the main reason why organism change overtime. Without the proper grounds the organism may evolve or not survive. That's why the organism change overtime. Also with this reason the animals fight for territory.
The paper pet family I made in my science class was an experiment to learn about the genotypes and phenotypes of things. In other words, the gene and looks or outcomes of things. In the paper pet family I with my partner and had a mother and a father, two boys, and four girls.
First we do the genotype and phenotype of the parents. My partner chose to be a male and chose to be a female. Next we name them and then we flip a coin the see if what genotype are they. After repeating that many times to finish up all the genotypes, we draw the phenotype on a figure that looks like it and copy the genotype that we did on a separate piece of chart paper.
Next we use a coin to figure out the gender of each of the six children. Then we chose the name and copy the genotype from the piece of chart to the figure. Next we draw the genotype for each of the children and tape the family onto a paper.
Punnet square is a chart use to chart or put the genotypes of offsprings. It is used usually in science to find what the offspring will look like or have what traits from the parents. It is a square with four mini squares inside. In the mini square is were you chart the offsprings' genotype.
To do it you make the chart. First with a square and then a lower case t in the middle to make the four mini squares. Then put in the parents genotype for the trait you are looking for. Then do columns and rows. Next look at the first letter of the genotype in the first row and columns or columns and rows. For example, the genotype of the father is big G little g (Gg) which can be placed on the top of the punnet square or the left hand side of the square. Next the genotype of the mother is little g little g (gg), which can be paste in the extra spot of the father's genotype.
As you can see the first row and column is big G little g, or Gg because it came from the first letter of each parents. Now that will be placed on the first mini square. Next the mother's little g lines up with the little g on the right hand side of the father's. The second mini square is little g little g, (gg). Then the next row moving downward to the next letter is little g of the mother(Notice: only move if you did rows to columns). Also move to the second letter in the columns if you start with columns to rows if not leave it. Now do as the same as before, little g to big G. Of couse, sometimes it is written gG, but the correct way to write it is Gg, just switch it. Now put that in the third punnet square. Next the mothers second little g lines up with the second little g of the father. It is little g little g on the fourth one. Now your done!
Solving a punnet square can be pretty complicated and confusing if you don't pay attention or listen closely, so pay attention! That was what I did so solving punnet square wasn't very hard for me.
My class and I were assigned to make a structure of DNA out of beads. The first step was to get the materials which were a 34 inch wire, two blue and yellow long cylinder beads, two red and green short cylinder beads, two silver beads, and two gold beads. You may need more beads than this to finish the actual structure, this is only to make two sets. (Remember Do Not Pull the Wire), why, if you do pull it the wire forms what is called a kink(s) and with that the wire will form some circular things and that is called a kink. To undo anything from forming a kink; will look like a circle, but don't worry, easily work your way the wire through or turn the wire.
First put in a yellow bead in the wire then in the opposite side put in red bead. Next feed a white bead on each side of the wire. Then feed a gold bead through each side of the wire. Next feed the green bead through the wire with the yellow side and feed a blue bead through the wire with a red bead. Now make sure your beads are at the center of the wire. Afterwards, run the right side wire through the left side wire green and silver beads. And here do the same thing with the left wire, feed it through the first two beads. Again make sure the beads are at the center of the wire and gently pull the both of the wires and try to keep the first set in the middle. Now all you have to do is to repeat this step over and over again until you finish your beads. Next step, find the extra two wires and use a pair of pliers and gather the a few centimeters of wire into the plier and twist it a couple of time. Now stick each wire through the two rows of gold beads and when finish just cut the extra wire(if there's any). Now just give it a little bit of twist and it's ready.
This could represent a real DNA, but only more colorful. However, the colorfulness can be a big help of telling which part is which.
A topic that was very hard I learned last semester was the cell organelles. When I was first assign the work to do it, it took me all night long to figure out the answers to the problems. Even though I was looking in the book it was still very hard to find the answers because the stated clue were not exactly what it was in the book.
However, after a few times of doing it over and over again in assignments and having to do Brain Pop on it, I became good at it. One night, I studied all the cell organelles and then I it became some of the easyies lesson of science.
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